The validity of the Spanish passport can be from 5 to 10 years, depending on the age of the applicant. Emergency passports, on the other hand, are only valid for 1 year. You should know that most international destinations require a passport to be valid for at least 6 more months after finishing your stay there. If it expires before, you must renew it. You have all the information in: «Documentation and necessary requirements to travel abroad«.
You have all the information in: "Documentation and necessary requirements to travel abroad".